Presented to:
By:
Date:
Federal Aviation
Administration
ADS-B Progress
Report
Hill Briefing
November 2019
2
• Meeting the ADS-B Mandate – Reauthorization 505
Progress Update
• Benefits and Future Applications of ADS-B
• Space-Based ADS-B
AGENDA
3
November 2019
Meeting the ADS-B Mandate
Reauthorization 505 Progress Report
4
• Background
• Completion of the Reauthorization Report 505
• Overview of Barriers, Resolved & Remaining Issues
– External Equip 2020 Working Group Update, Barriers, Status and
Remaining Issues
– Equipage Levels, Risks, and 2019 Areas of Need for Targeted
Outreach
– Internal Operational Integration Implementation & Compliance
• Timelines
Topics
5
Background
• Section 505 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-254), required the FAA to
identify any known and potential barriers to compliance with the 2020 Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out mandate and develop a plan and schedule to address
and resolve them
• The FAA, together with Equip 2020 aviation stakeholders, completed the initial report this
spring and updated it to reflect the current status of barriers and solutions.
• As of November 2019 there were 98,154 aircraft equipped with avionics that comply with the
rule.
• There are a few barriers of particular interest currently outstanding;
1. Remaining aircraft equipage and compliance
2. Non-equipped policy implementation
3. Privacy
4. Benefits
• The FAA continues extensive outreach to ensure that these barriers are being worked to
resolution and other questions are answered from direct engagement with operators and
general aviation. FAQ’s are updated regularly on the FAA’s webpage and can be found here:
https://www.faa.gov/nextgen/programs/adsb/faq/
6
• Section 505 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-254), required the FAA to identify
any known and potential barriers to compliance with the 2020 Automatic Dependent
Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out mandate and develop a plan and schedule to address and
resolve them
• Approach
– Early Work with Equip 2020 to collaborate on Remaining Barriers
– Brought in operational integration and implementation activities necessary to be prepared
for the 1/1/2020 effective date
– Identified all barriers and operational integration activities with a resolution and timeline
• FAA Coordination to Resolve Remaining Barriers
– Implemented Bi-weekly Senior Policy Meetings
– Hold Cross Agency Bi-Weekly Operational Integration Meetings
– Continue regular and consistent Stakeholder Engagement
• The FAA, together with Equip 2020 aviation stakeholders, completed the initial report this spring
and updated it to reflect the current status of barriers and solutions.
Reauthorization Report 505 Completion
7
Overview of Barriers
Via Equip 2020 Stakeholders Report
Working Group (WG)
Remaining Barriers Currently
Being Worked
Status /
Timeline to Complete
(Calendar Year)
WG-1 Air Carrier Equipage
Lagging Equipage Q1 2020
ADS-B Positioning Sources Complete
Dispatch Requirements
Including the Service
Availability Prediction Tool
(SAPT)
Complete
WG-2 General Aviation
Policy Issues, i.e.
GA Rebate
Privacy
Complete
Q1 2020
Outreach Ongoing
Key Focus Areas for
Community Education and
Additional Guidance
Ongoing
WG-3 GPS Receiver and
Performance-Based Rule
Implications
No longer active Complete
WG-4 Education and Benefits
ADS-B In Applications Ongoing*
WG-5 Installation and Approvals
Tasks Complete, ad-hoc only Complete
8
• The number of aircraft equipped with
compliant ADS-B Out avionics continues
to increase. Current FAA-provided data
projects further significant increases in
equipage between now and January 1,
2020.
• The original and the reissuance of the
FAA GA ADS-B Rebate Programs have
resulted in 20,000 rebate reservations
issued.
• In addition, many aircraft that need only
occasional access to rule airspace will
continue to equip after the rule
mandated equipage date throughout
2020 and the following years.
• The single & multi-engine piston GA
fleet represents a wide range of
operators and are equipped at 47%.
• Some GA piston aircraft have low
utilization and/or don’t normally need
access to rule airspace; these operators
are not expected and do not need to
equip.
• Of those needing regular access to rule
airspace, projections indicate that
around 90% of the GA population will
be equipped by January.
Equipage Progress
ADS-B Compliance Snapshot
As of November 2019, there are 98,154 aircraft equipped with avionics that comply with the rule.
COMPLIANCE DATA CURRENT AS OF 11/01/2019
Fleet
Compliance
Level
Change
(from two weeks prior)
Mainline 95% +51
Regional 92% +31
Turbojet & Turboprop GA 73% +885
Single & Multi-Engine Piston GA 48% +2685
Rotorcraft 52% +47
DOD Various Levels --
Government Fleet 70% +102
International 69% +377
9
Month to Month Carrier Assessments
COMPLIANCE DATA CURRENT AS OF 11/01/2019
Air Carrier Equipage
ADS-B Compliance Snapshot
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Mainline Operator
Aircraft Observed
Compliant
% Fleet Observed
Compliant
(from two weeks prior)
Change
American 885 out of 968 91% 14
Delta 903 out of 930 97% 3
United 746 out of 777 96% 9
Southwest 705 out of 743 95% 7
FedEx 349 out of 363 96% 4
JetBlue 243 out of 254 96% 4
UPS 252 out of 253 100% 0
Alaska 220 out of 239 92% 7
Spirit 137 out of 137 100% 0
Frontier 71 out of 93 76% 1
Allegiant 81 out of 90 90% 2
Total
(68% of 121 fleet)
4592 out of 4847 95% +51
10
High-Level Operator Type Equipage Trends
4
72
77
81
85
87
89
93
94
95
65
68
73
78
81
84
88
90
92
57
63
65
67
69
71
72
73
36
38
40
42
43
44
47
47
48
55
57
61
63
65
67
69 69
70
59
60
60
62
64
66
70
71
69
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
April 1,
2019
May 1,
2019
June 1,
2019
July 1, 2019 August 1,
2019
Sept. 1,
2019
Oct. 1,
2019
Oct. 15,
2019
Nov. 1,
2019
Percent Equipage
Timeframe
Mainline Regional Turbojets & Turboprop GA Single & Multi-Engine Piston GA Government Fleet International
Note: While fleet data showed an increase of 377 equipped International fleet aircraft since 2 weeks prior, the overall International
fleet size meeting the equipage need assumptions on slide 61 increased by 726, resulting in a net decrease of overall % equipped.
11
Federal Aviation
Administration
ADS-B Meeting the Mandate
• Starting January 1, 2020, aircraft entering certain U.S. airspace are
required to be equipped with ADS-B avionics
• If an aircraft is operating in ADS-B Rule airspace without ADS-B, air
traffic will still be able to work the aircraft safely and efficiently using
ground surveillance radar
• However, FAA monitors the use of rule airspace and will take
appropriate post-flight action against unauthorized aircraft operators
• What changes will air traffic controllers and pilots notice?
– ADS-B data is now fused with other available surveillance data to give
controllers the most precise tracking possible
– ADS-B provides controllers with precise locations of air and ground vehicles on
airport maps
– ADS-B provides increased surveillance coverage in many areas and at lower
altitudes than currently provided by radar
– Pilots are given access to graphical weather information and real-time traffic
displays that increase their situational awareness
12
Federal Aviation
Administration
What happens after January 1, 2020?
• Can operators without the required avionics access U.S. ADS-B mandate
airspace?
– Operators can request authorization to deviate from the rule
– Requests for unequipped aircraft must be made at least one hour and no more than 24
hours before the operation.
– Requests for operation of an aircraft with an inoperative ADS-B system may be made at
any time.
– These authorizations will be provided as exceptions, and are not intended for routine
access to U.S. ADS-B mandate airspace
• What happens if an operator violates the ADS-B rule?
– When the FAA learns of an apparent violation, relevant information is sent to an
investigating office to conduct an investigation
– The investigating office takes appropriate actions to address apparent violations, including
compliance, administrative, or legal enforcement actions, in accordance with established
policy
– Enforcement may include sanctions
– Proposed ADS-B-related modifications to the published sanction tables have been drafted
and are expected to be put into coordination soon
13
Background
• ADS-Out includes aircraft information linked to Civil Aircraft Registry (CAR)
• Commercially available receivers can be used to receive ADS-B signals
• Flight-tracking websites, such as Flightradar24, publicly disseminate aircraft movements
• General aviation operators have cited privacy concerns (e.g. corporate espionage,
organized crime/extortion/terrorism, location tracking of government officials)
• NAC and Equip 2020 identified anonymity as a barrier to ADS-B equipage
Status – Two-phase Solution in Progress
• Interim solution – Government hosted
– Owned, operated and maintained by the FAA
– Operational from Jan 1
st
, until long-term solution is ready
• Long-term solution – Industry hosted to meet Government requirements
– Owned operated and maintained by one or more third party service providers
– Expected to be operational next year
PRIVACY
General and Business Aviation
14
• The FAA ADS-B Non-equipped Policy established provisions for non-equipped A/C (Civil)
on April 1, 2019. The policy describes how controllers will handle aircraft not equipped
with ADS-B Out.
• For other than scheduled operations, if a non-equipped aircraft plans to operate in rule
airspace the aircraft operator needs to request authorization via a web-based tool, ADS-B
Deviation Authorization Preflight Tool (ADAPT) at least one hour in advance of its
proposed operation in rule airspace.
• The FAA is implementing ADAPT as a system of record to track and approve
authorizations for non-equipped aircraft and will monitor the use of rule airspace and take
appropriate post-flight action against unauthorized aircraft operators.
• The FAA will utilize the ADAPT tool to manage aircraft operator requests for an ATC
authorization. The ADAPT team is finalizing the development of this web-enabled tool
and will be preparing for testing and availability in December 2019.
Non-Equipped Operations Policy Implementation
ADS-B Deviation Authorization Preflight Tool (ADAPT)
15
Non-equipped Hot Spots Snapshot
as of June 1
st
, 2019
How many non-equipped ADS-B operations will
there be in rule airspace on January 2, 2020?
• FAA estimates a range of 2,400 – 6,600
average daily operations out of 44,000
average daily operations
How will the number of non-equipped ADS-B rule
airspace operations change over time?
• Predicting equipage behavior after 1-Jan-2020
is challenging; below is based on projecting
current equipage rates forward in time
• FAA expects ~ 50% reduction in non-equipped
ADS-B operations possible by January 2021.
Full equipage by Jan 2023 is possible.
16
National Security Authorities Update
ADS-B Out Off Authorization Status
• FAA-Department of Homeland Security ADS-B Accommodation Memorandum
of Agreement
– Signed by FAA and DHS on September 20, 2019
• Federal Agencies: On Track to Complete Before 1/1/2020
– DOI-Fish and Wildlife Service issued September 10
– DoD issued September 16
th
– NASA: in process
– DOJ, USDA and other DOI components require additional follow up
• State and Local Law Enforcement (SLLE) Agencies
– 15 formal signed requests received to date
– ADS-B Out Off Authorizations in process: on track to issue 30 State and Local Law
Enforcement (SLLE) ADS-B Out Off Authorizations before 1/1/2020; remainder to be
completed in 2020
– SLLE outreach efforts are ongoing
17
• As of September 27
th
all Terminal Radar Approach Control Facilities
(TRACON) and Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) have ADS-B
surveillance capability
• Air traffic controller training has been an ongoing process throughout
deployment
• Mandatory briefing items (MBI) will be the notification to the ATC workforce of
the ADAPT tool
• Joint Air Traffic Operations Command (JATOC) at the FAA Air Traffic Control
System Command Center (ATCSCC) will assume the responsibility for the
use of ADAPT
ATC Training
18
Outreach Events
NBAA Business Aviation Convention & Exposition
October 22-24, 2019
ADS-B Exhibit and Panel Participation
Hot Topic: Privacy
AOPA/FAA Live Video Chat
December (TBD) 2019
Live Video Q&A Chat Streamed on FAA and AOPA
social media channels
Hot Topic: ADAPT
Messages & Articles
Privacy (October 2019)
Equip ADS-B Web Page
Handout Card (in development)
Discussion at NBAA and AOPA Video Chat
ADAPT (December 2019)
Equip ADS-B Web Page (in development)
Handout Card (in development)
In-Depth Discussion during AOPA Video Chat
Social Media Posts
Upcoming Articles
FAA Safety Briefing:
January 2020; ADAPT Article
ATCA Journal:
October 2019; ADS-B Vulnerabilities Article
January 2020; ADS-B Benefits Article
2019 ADS-B End of Year Messaging
Communications, Messaging, and Outreach
Countdown to January 1, 2020
FAA.gov and Equip ADS-B Websites
Monthly Social Media Updates
Monthly FAAST Messages
19
Social Media
• #iEquipped call to action campaign for pilots
• #WeEquipped video testimonials (October-December 2019)
– Six commercial airlines highlighting why they equipped.
• How late can you wait? (November 2019)
• ADAPT (December 2019)
20
• Overall, aviation stakeholders together with the FAA are making final preparations
to meet the mandate
• ADS-B Out equipage has increased since the last report with over 98,154 U.S.
registered commercial, international, and general aviation aircraft equipped
• The FAA is pursuing a risk-based approach to remaining barriers and will focus
remaining efforts to develop and implement an interim privacy solution to address
business aviation as well as other’s privacy concerns when the mandate takes
effect
• The FAA will continue to make refinements to procedures, web-tools, and
implementation activities as lessons learned throughout 2020 become known
• Together, with our aviation stakeholders, the FAA will begin to turn the
surveillance focus to the new, modernized, NAS capability benefits with an ADS-B
system in place
Summary
21
Overview of Internal Barriers
ADS-B Operational Integration Implementation & Compliance Activities
*All items are described in 505 Mandate Plan, a few items are highlighted on the following slides
Action
Item # Grouping Activity Context/Description Dependencies
Section 505
Mandate Plan
Public Date Status
1
Policy
Policy for the Non
-
equipped A/C (Civil)
Actions that FAA will take to
authorize non
-ADS-
B equipped
aircraft (91.225 (g)) in Rule
airspace and at capacity
constrained airports.
None
Complete
The FAA established the policy via a Federal Register Notice on April 1,
2019.
Click this link to the FAA ADS
-B Non-equipped Policy.
1a
Implementation
ADS
-B Deviation
Authorization Pre
-
Flight Tool (ADAPT)
ADAPT is a web
-based tool to
provide automated
authorizations for non
-
equipped aircraft operators
requesting a deviation.
Completing development
and testing
4th QTR
CY2019
ADAPT will provide automated approval and denials for operator
requests for deviations in accordance with 91.225 "unless otherwise
authorized by ATC." The ADAPT team is finalizing the development of
the web
-enabled tool for availability in December 2019.
2
Policy
Implementation of
SAPT Policy for
Exemption 12555
Establish Air Traffic
implementation of SAPT
policy, as a pre
-flight
requirement only.
N/A
Complete
FAA guidance was published in the Federal Register on July 3, 2019.
Click this link for the Statement of Policy on Performance Requirements
for Operators of Aircraft that are equipped with ADS
-B Out.
3
Policy
"Call
-
sign Policy" as
it Pertains to Local
Call Signs
Adaptations
Some new ADS
-B equipment
does not allow pilots to use
local call signs, pilots must quit
using local call signs to comply
with new policy.
Local system adaptation
may make the new policy
difficult; mitigations include
delaying implementation of
the new policy for local
adaptation planning.
On-going
The FAA completed guidance for pilots in the aeronautical information
manual and aeronautical information publication.
In addition, the FAA
has done extensive outreach throughout 2019 to educate pilots of the
importance through representative association partners such as
AOPA.
With these additional guidance materials, the FAA views this
activity not as a barrier to meeting the mandate but an ongoing
educational outreach activity.
4
Implementation
Privacy
Ability to address privacy
concerns of civil flights using
3rd party provider (NBAA and
AOPA concerns).
Completion of the
Paperwork Reduction Act,
implementation of the
interim web
-enabled tool.
1st QTR
CY2020
The FAA is currently pursuing a contract vehicle for third
-party service
providers to use temporary ICAO aircraft addresses. This long
-term
solution is planned to be available by the third quarter of CY2020. Since
this does not meet the needs in the near term, as an interim solution,
the FAA will provide a temporary website portal for privacy requests.
All requests will need to be made via the portal during the interim
period. The FAA will manage these requests via a manual process to
provide privacy ICAO address assignments and responses to operators
with a temporary PIA.
5
Policy
Exemption 12555
Follow up with the operators
who did not qualify for the
exemption who may be
seeking relief from the rule.
None
Complete
The resolution of this barrier is complete as of August 2019. The FAA
granted relief for specific ADS
-
B Out position performance requirements
for aircraft equipped with selective availability (SA)
-On or SA-Aware
GPS receivers for operators requesting Exemption 12555 by August 1,
2018. The FAA conducted additional outreach over the summer of 2019
to those operators impacted by this exemption.
22
Overview of Internal Barriers (Continued)
ADS-B Operational Integration Implementation & Compliance Activities
*All items are described in 505 Mandate Plan, a few items are highlighted on the following slides
Action
Item # Grouping Activity Context/Description Dependencies
Section 505
Mandate Plan
Public Date Status
6
Equipage
Monitor equipage
plans
Monitoring equipage plans and
risks.
Outreach and
communication
required.
Monthly
Equipage rates increased 17% since June 2019 as of last report. Part 129
Foreign Carriers rates are increasing. The foreign air carrier equipage levels
show need for additional targeted outreach. The FAA is performing
outreach with foreign carriers using a risk
-based approach to engage those
airlines showing low equipage levels and larger fleets that operate in U.S.
domestic airspace.
7
Infrastructure
ATC Facility Equipment
and Infrastructure
ADS
-B at STARS Elite sites and
fusion implemented at appropriate
sites.
Facility Coordination
& Training
Complete
All 155 terminal air traffic facilities have successfully declared ADS
-B Initial
Operating Capability (IOC).
8
Policy and
Procedures
Advisory Circular 90
-
114b
The AC provides users of the NAS
guidance on a means of conducting
flight operations in accordance
with 91.225 and 91.227.
AGC Review and
External Comment
Review
1st QTR
CY2020
Policy and procedures guidance has been provided to users. Publications of
AC 90
-114b is a priority for the FAA.
9
Policy and
Procedures
Document Change
Proposals (DCP)
Facility Operation and
Administration
- JO 7210.3; Air
Traffic Control
- JO 71190 .65;
Airport Improvement Program;
Aeronautical Information Manual
None
1st QTR
CY2020
All directives being updated to accommodate changes resulting from ADS
-
B
mandate are in the publication cycle.
10
ATC Training
Controller and TMU
Training
Mandatory Briefing Items (MBI)
Publications/ ADAPT
Resourcing
1st QTR
CY2020
As of September 27th all TRACONs and
ARTCCs have ADS-B surveillance
capability. Air traffic controller training completed. Additional MBI's will be
provided for additional information as needed.
23
*All items are described in 505 Mandate Plan, a few items are highlighted on the following slides
Overview of Internal Barriers (Other Government)
ADS-B Operational Integration Implementation & Compliance Activities
OTHER GOVERNMENT
Action
Item # Grouping Activity Context/Description Dependencies
Section 505
Mandate Plan
Public Date Status
11
Policy
Sensitive Missions
Rule Change
Allows pilots to turn off their ADS
-
B to accommodate sensitive
missions: 91.225(f) Rule Change
through FAA and delayed at OST
None
Complete
The policy was signed and an interim Final Rule was published in the
Federal Register on July 3th. This Rulemaking is to allow the change to
meet national security, defense and State and local law enforcement
requirements for sensitive operations.
Click this link to the Interim Final
Rule
12
Implementation
ADS
-Out Turn-Off
authorization (AJR
-2)
§
91.225(f)
Allows Federal and SLLE aircraft
that are equipped with ADS
-B Out
a means of effectively turning off
ADS
-B Out while on sensitive
missions.
Requires agency to
request authorization
from FAA.
4th QTR
CY2019
Implementation of the policy is ongoing to allow national security,
defense and State and local law enforcement authorizations for
sensitive operations operating under the sensitive mission rule policy.
13
Implementation
Non
-Equipped
Authorization (AJV
-
113)
§91.225(g)
Provides non
-equipped Federal
and State and Local Law
Enforcement aircraft authorization
to operate in ADS
-B Out rule
airspace and fulfills the
requirements under
§91.225(g).
Requires agency to
request authorization
from FAA.
4th QTR
CY2019
As Federal agencies requests are received SLLE agencies that operate
sensitive missions will receive FAA authorizations to operate specified
non
-equipped aircraft, provided they provide an equipage plan,
biannually.
14
Implementation
DoD and DOT
agreement for long
term plan for DoD
aircraft
Need a plan and timeline to
implement Section 1046 with DoD
regarding 2019 NDAA and specific
to paragraph (b) and Termination
Requirements.
Development of
National Procedures,
Sec F and G published.
2nd QTR
CY2020
Before DoD moves forward with Section 1046 they believe they need
updates to make section 1046 more enduring; i.e. possibly a new
agreement.
24
Benefits and Future Applications
25
26
Space-Based ADS-B
27
Backup
28
General Aviation
GA Rebate
• The original one-year GA ADS-B Rebate Program went live on
September 2016.
– Over 10,000 rebates were issued by the end of the rebate period.
• The Rebate program was re-started on October 2018 and is expected to
end October 2019. On May 13, 2019, the last of these rebates was
reserved, but opportunities still exist as some rebates are returned or
expire.
• The program targets U.S. registered, fixed-wing, single-engine piston
aircraft, offering $500 rebates, and requires a completed validation flight
in ADS-B Mandated airspace to validate equipment installation.
• The program continues to leverage stakeholder relationships.
– Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) – Pilots
– General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA) – Equipment
Manufacturers
– Aircraft Electronics Association (AEA) – Installers/Equipment
Manufacturers
• 30,000+: Website visits
since relaunch
– Uninterrupted by the
Gov’t funding lapse
• 30 to 40: Nominal 2018
daily applications
– ~60: Nominal 2019 daily
applications
• 200-400/week: GA Pilot
inquiries to Help Desk
• 20,000: Rebate
Reservations to date
– 9,792: Rebates are
scheduled to be paid
during the second
program
29
SEC. 505. 2020 ADS-B MANDATE PLAN.
The Administrator, in collaboration with the NextGen Advisory Committee, shall—
• (1) not later than 90 days (January 3, 2019) after the date of enactment of this Act—
• (A) identify any known and potential barriers to compliance with the 2020 ADS–B Out mandate
under section 91.225 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
• (B) develop a plan to address the known barriers identified in paragraph (1), including a
schedule for—
• (i) periodically reevaluating the potential barriers identified in paragraph (1); and
• (ii) developing solutions and implementing actions to address the known and potential
barriers; and
• (C) submit the plan to the appropriate committees of Congress; and
• (2) not later than 90 days after (July 2, 2019) the date the plan is submitted under paragraph (1),
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the progress made toward meeting the
2020 ADS–B Out mandate.
Section 505
ADS-B Mandate Plan – January 3
rd
, 2019
30
ADS-B Out Rule
• The ADS-B Out Rule [14 CFR §91.225 and §91.227], issued in 2010, mandates the performance
requirements of ADS-B Out avionics in aircraft that fly in rule-designated airspace.
• The FAA is mandating ADS-B Out so that it can transition the National Airspace System (NAS) to
performance-based ADS-B as the preferred surveillance source for ATC services.
• In addition, ADS-B Out enhances safety and efficiency through more accurate and reliable
aircraft tracking.
• ADS-B Out provides additional benefits such as aircraft surveillance where radar coverage is not
possible, (e.g., the Gulf of Mexico, remote regions in Alaska, and other difficult terrains), as well
as improved positioning for locating lost or missing aircraft.
