Smart Electric Cycle with IoT

ISSN: 2455-2631 © April 2021 IJSDR | Volume 6 Issue 4

IJSDR2104088

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531

A.Kamalnath

, P.Gokul

, R.Abinesh

, Mr. B.Balaji

Student,

Assistant professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,

PMIST, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract: Residents are alluring extra mindful of the repayment to our circumstance when utilizing technique that join

electrical aptitude and sustainable power. This focus in environmentally friendly power has been mounting rapidly in light

of the fact that local area has been notice the closure non-sustainable power's been have on our inclination. To protect our

environment, analysts have been study direct to utilize sustainable power healthier, utilizing sun oriented energy for

delineation. In light of that amplify in energy value each all throughout the world molded require to uncover elective by

append sun oriented energy to charge battery which make offered voltage to rush the engine. Likewise, by utilizing sun

powered energy it apathetically affects the climate, so it can decrease the danger in the environmental factors. In

aggregation, sunlight based energy can be suitable universally. To protect position sun powered energy in houses, vehicles,

trains, lights, roads, and so on The fuel cost not only in India directly through the world is heightening date by day hence

there is a grand need to look for a choice to save these customary assets. Accordingly a sun oriented bike is an electric engine

vehicle that gives that choice by tackle sunlight based energy to denounce the battery and in this way supply essential voltage

to hurry the engine. Since India is blessed with nine months of bright climate in this manner thought of sun based bike is

very inviting in India. Half and half bike join utilize of sun oriented energy just as the dynamo that goes through handle to

implicate the battery to run the bike. Aim of our task is to show the bike to utilizing sun oriented and battery impact. And

furthermore be acquainted with the speed of the vehicle. In our advancement battery is utilized to the executives the cycle.

Dynamo and PV board is utilized to summon the battery. Battery, dynamo and PV board voltages are careful by Arduino

and the qualities are transferred in the organization by utilizing IOT and furthermore systems the energy of the cycle by

utilizing the speed sensor.

Keywords: Dynamo, PV Panel, Battery, Motor, Arduino Controller, IoT, LCD Display

I. INTRODUCTION

Worldwide warm is one of the central inconveniences the world has been inverse neglected to tainting and different variables that

manual for the increment of carbon dioxide in the vibe. Residents have been searching for some answers for help decline this

difficulty and to go around making more breaks the earth. An immense factor that has been in show an incredible capacity in causing

contamination and in this way expanding the consequence of an Earth-wide temperature boost is vehicle exhaust as recorded.

Individuals have been show up for option in contrast to this difficult which lead them to zeroing in on learn and information different

propensities to form environmental factors approaching strategies for transportation. As society are appealing more supportive of

the skeptical accomplish environment change has towards our planet, electrical bicycles have been expanding in notoriety. Heaps

of individuals are utilizing it as their significant type of transport as it is advantageous and doesn't give to a dangerous atmospheric

deviation. Too deliberately, in nations anyplace one of their main wellsprings of passes on is bicycles, China for cases have been

promoting 9 out of each 10 electrical bicycles are selling. To adjust to other electrically dependent vehicles, the sunlight based

controlled bicycle is estimated short in cost and is able as it depends on sun based force. Sun based energy is an amazingly

dependable fuel source as it is available in each position on the planet and is inconceivably penniless different other characteristic

assets.

Sun oriented Powered Bike is a decision to a great deal of non-climate benevolent type of transport and its planned is drawn closer

from the electrical bicycle. It resolve be predominantly focus on the best way to expertly make a sun oriented mechanical bike

which permits you to travel the best distance conceivable by appropriately using energy create from the sun. As solid as refining

and make new innovation plans for our bicycle. To assurance be additionally trying and carry out sun trackers on our bicycle to

permit us to abuse the best measure of sun based enthusiasm which will consent to us to acquire the most extreme amount of daylight

anyplace the sun is confronted.

Because of our natural situation in the Middle East, we have the benefit of having incredible amount of daylight. All through the

light, we have massively sweltering climate and extended long periods of daylight and the late spring season goes on for an

extraordinarily broad event during the time. We understood we ought to get that to our advantage by considerations of a procedure

to abuse the sun based energy and design amazing to practice that in our task. Through each that as a primary concern considered

produce a sun oriented mechanized vehicle which utilizes the sunlight based energy as a choice to re-energize and doesn't harm the

earth. An extra factor to thought of was the manner by which uncouth trekking was for individuals that voyaged expanded distance;

it makes them land to their ideal area enormously crapped neglected to all the muscle work inferable from accelerating. This is an

extra factor our bicycle assurance licenses individuals to dodge, which is mind blowing numerous individuals would long.

II. RELATED WORK

In [1] Kopp and Lean et al presents affirmation of energy and warmth from daylight is set up in our everyday lives, when you

remain under daylight you straight away experience the warmth which build up its reality. The approaching electromagnetic

ISSN: 2455-2631 © April 2021 IJSDR | Volume 6 Issue 4

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radiation conceivably will be summarized into a perceived steady called the sunlight based consistent, which in our compartment

is 1360 W/m2. This is the sun based irradiance that straight hits the world's air

In [2] Weier&Cahalan et al presents Irradiance mix and appearance in the air depends on numerous components relying upon its

substance structure. Contingent upon that and a few different components, the amount of sun based consistent inspiration is radiating

to the ground. A significant issue impact the combination of sparkle is its tendency; the point and irradiance are unswervingly

similar to each other. At what event you have a lower perspective of the sun to the ground it makes the light pass each the path

through a more noteworthy air-mass, as it pass from start to finish this it establishment the light 16 power to decrease

In [3] Ajit B. Bachche , N. S. Hanapure et al presents They intentional the fuel costs approximating the gas is mounting consistently

step by step. The contamination payable to vehicles in genuine exchange urban communities and metropolitan zones is developing

consistently. To overcome these inconveniences, an endeavor as respects this is made to examine different extra elective wellsprings

of energy for the vehicles. It is absurd to expect to obtain costly vehicles by helpless people groups. To recognition this as a primary

concern examines for a proportion of method to give these economically shocking individuals and furthermore to offer a goal for

the ecological discharge was in development. The sun powered helped bike is eager by DC center point engine gather in front or

harsh hub lodging and worked by battery charged utilizing sun oriented energy. The sunlight based boards situated on the stagecoach

inspiration denounce the battery and which in spin drives the center engine. At the point when the bicycle is latent, the sun powered

board charges the battery

In [4] C. Streif, Campo Rojo, Lake Fomst' Calif et al presents They conscious a bike which leave on sunlight based energy comprises

of a sun powered expanding authorities it additionally comprises of a two wheeled sulk class vehicle behind an engine generator

and a pedal yearning wrench in commission a back tire drive. This car it advantageous include a back piece comprising several

forwardly open air channel has a breeze driven generator. It likewise incorporate pair of battery-powered battery are further help

encircled by the harsh body segment and choice of are upheld by vertical neck area support in a normally straight board maintain.

The boards are furnishing with the energy expanding focal point which escalates the sun oriented outflow set up from sun.

III. PROBLEM DEFINITION

As the sun move its course as the light passes by and people might be pouring in assorted ways the sunlight based boards probably

won't point toward the sun. This would reason the bicycle not to accomplish the greatest amount of daylight conceivable; it

unflinching to find a goal to this issue. To decided on acknowledge daylight trackers which find and face the bearing of the sun.

Exuberance produced from the sunlight based force may by burned-through rapidly attributable to consistent affiliation and

voyaging expanded, we required a method of gather the energy

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The main objective of our project is designing an hybrid electric bicycle that operates on solar energy gained from the solar panels

attached without the need of human effort or using fuel to run it. Our project will be relying on a system that can track the sun and

control the movement of the bicycle Battery, Dynamo and PV panel voltages are measured by voltage measurement circuit and

given to the Analog pin of the controller. The controller will read the voltage value and converted into the digital value and displayed

in the Display and also uploaded in the we blink. Acceleration control will control the speed of the vehicle and the controller will

calculate and display the vehicle speed. The controller will calculate the battery charging time depending on the solar voltage and

dynamo voltage. And also calculate the kilometer speed the vehicle to run.

V. BLOCK DIAGRAM

LCD

PV PANEL

Arduino

controller

BATTERY

IOT

Dynamo

MOTOR

SPEED

Fig 1 Block diagram

VI. EXPLANATION

Solar energy

Solar energy is the generally plentiful energy resource on Earth. It can be captured and worn in several ways, and as a renewable

energy source, is an important element of our clean energy future. The sun does additional than for our planet than just offer light

during the daylight every subdivision of sunlight that reaches Earth contains energy that fuels our planet. Solar energy is the

definitive source responsible for all of our weather systems and energy sources on Earth, and enough solar radiation hits the surface

of the planet every hour to supposedly our global energy needs for almost an entire year. Solar power can be harnessed and

rehabilitated to usable energy using photovoltaic’s or solar thermal collectors. In that energy is beaming intensity and temperature

from the Sun that is harness using a collection of ever-evolving expertise such as solar heat, solar thermal energy, solar structural

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design, melt salt power plants and reproduction photosynthesis. It is a remarkable resource of renewable energy and its technology

are largely characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they imprison and allocate solar energy or

exchange it into solar power.

Fig 2 Photovoltaic system

Solar Panel

Sun hopped-up boards square measure data format that operate light-weight into power. They’re referred to as "sun powered" boards

on the inspiration that supplementary frequently than not, the foremost competent fountain of sunshine accessible is that the Sun,

referred to as Sol by freedom consultant. Totally different researchers depict them photovoltaic's that capital, primarily, "light-

power." A sun aslope board may be a social incident of sun hopped-up cells. Loads of very little sun homeward-bound cells

increment over an out of this world region will assist to produce adequate energy to be luxurious. The auxiliary brilliance that hits

a phone, the extra power it build, thus convey square measure overtimes calculable with sun hopped-up boards which will constantly

be pointed at the Sun whilst the divide of the body of the rocket moves generally, very much like a tank crenellation may be piercing

disconnectedly of everyplace the tank goes.

Fig 3 Solar panel

Electricity Generation from Pedaling

Fig 4 Electricity generation

A permanent magnet alternator depends on the magnetic flux generated by a permanent magnet to convert mechanical energy into

electrical power. It generates alternating current which charges the battery. In this article the focus is on the typical structure of a

permanent magnet structure and also a brief introduction to its working principle. A modern alternator consists of both the moving

and stationary coils of wire. In the alternator, however, the moving coil which is also called the rotor uses current supplied through

slip rings to generate a moving field also called flux. Power is extracted from the stationary field coils. The stator combines six

coils of copper wire cast in fiberglass resin. It is mounted onto the spine and does not move. The moving parts are the magnetic

rotors mounted on the shaft. There are two rotors: the rear one behind the stator and the front one on the outside, which are connected

by the long studs passing through a hole in the stator. The blades are mounted on the same studs. They will drive the magnet rotors

to rotate and move through the coils. During this process electric energy is produced.

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Battery

Fig 4 Battery

Battery is an amount of tools supervise of single or extra chemical science cells with insignificant relations tender to influence

electrical advance like flashlights, good phones, and electrical cars. Once battery is offer wattage, its positive terminal is that the

cathode and its unhelpful terminal is that the anode. The corporeal noticeable impeding is that the supply of electrons that once

friendly to an out of doors circuit can flow deliver energy to an insignificant device. once battery is connected to an out of doors

circuit, electrolytes square measure able to shift as ions within, permit the fabric retort to be completed at the separate terminals so

transport energy to the outside course. It’s the civilization of these ions within the battery that consent present to emanate of the

battery to perform work. traditionally the term "battery" by choice stated appliance put together of luxuriant cells; but the convention

has amendment to besides embrace devices put together of one cell.

Power Supply Unit

The voltage, regularly 220V rms, is joined to a transformer, which steps that forced air system voltage down to the level of the

pined for dc yield. A diode rectifier by then gives a full-wave changed voltage that is from the start filtered by a fundamental

capacitor channel to make a dc voltage. This ensuing dc voltage a significant part of the time has a few swells or cooling voltage

assortment. A regulator circuit ousts the swells and moreover assembles ups the near dc regards whether or not the data dc voltage

vacillates, or the load related with the yield dc voltage changes. This voltage control is continually gotten using one of the

conspicuous voltage regulator IC units.

Fig 5 Power supply unit

Transformer

The potential electrical contraption can wander down the limit give voltage (0-230V) to (0-6V) level. By then the discretionary of

the potential electrical device are related with the exactness rectifier that is made with the assistance of operation amp. The

compensation of misuse truth rectifier is offer apex voltage yield as DC; rest of the circuits will offer only RMS yield.

Bridge Rectifier

Right when four diodes square measure related as revealed in figure, the circuit is named as framework rectifier. The obligation to

the circuit is reasonable to the aslant differentiating corners of the framework, and thusly the yield is taken from the leftover 2

corners.

Fig 6 Bridge rectifier

Voltage Regulator

Voltage regulators cover a bunch of comprehensively used ICs. Regulator IC units encase the electronic equipment for presentation

supply, comparator electronic stuff, organization device, and over-trouble protection beat one IC. IC units offer control of a resolute

positive voltage, an unbending negative voltage, or deftly set voltage. The regulators are chosen for see with stack nonstop from

various milli amperes an excessive number of amperes, resultant to affect examinations impelling milli watts to a few watts.

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Fig 7 Voltage regulator

Arduino Microcontroller

Arduino is an open-source gadgets stage dependent on simple to-utilize equipment and programming. Arduino sheets can

understand inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a catch, or a Twitter message - and transform it into a yield - actuating an engine,

turning on a LED, distributing something on the web. You can guide your board by sending a bunch of directions to the

microcontroller on the board. To do so you utilize the Arduino programming language and the Arduino Software in view of

Processing.

Fig 8 Arduino Microcontroller

Arduino processor fundamentally utilizes the Harvard design where the program code and program information have separate

memory. It comprises of two recollections Program memory and the information memory. The code is put away in the blaze program

memory, while the information is put away in the information memory. The Atmega328 has 32 KB of blaze memory for putting

away code (of which 0.5 KB is utilized for the boot loader), 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM and works with a clock speed

of 16MHz.

Wi-Fi Module-ESP8266

Fig 9 Wi-fi Module

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self-contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access

to your Wi-Fi network. The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from

another application processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT command set firmware, meaning, you

can simply hook this up to your Arduino device and get about as much Wi-Fi-ability as a Wi-Fi Shield. The ESP8266 module is an

extremely cost-effective board with a huge, and ever growing, community. This module has a powerful enough on-board processing

and storage capability that allows it to be integrated with the sensors and other application specific devices through its GPIOs with

minimal development up-front and minimal loading during run time

Relay

Fig 10 Relay

A relay is an electrically worked switch. Numerous transfers use an electromagnet to work an exchanging device consequently, yet

other working standards are likewise utilized. Transfers are utilized where it is required to deal with a circuit by a low-control

motion with outright electrical seclusion among control and controlled circuits or where various circuits must be controlled by one

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flag. The boss impart be old in long lack of approachability link circuits, duplicate the flag looming in from one circuit and re-

transmitting it to another. Transfers were utilized lengthily in telephone associations and early PCs to do consistent activities.

Basic design and operation

A cushy electromagnetic screen comprises of a curl of lead encase around a delicate iron center, a squash burden which give a low

hesitance pathway for alluring transition, an alterable iron armature, and at least one arrangements of contacts. The structure is

pivoted to the burden and mechanically associated with one or extra arrangements of touching contacts. It is confined set up by a

spring with the goal that when the transfer is de-empowered there is an air hole in the alluring course. In this state, one of the two

arrangements of partners in the transfer envisioned is congested, and the other put is open. New hand-off may grasp other or take

truant arrangement of relations relying upon their power. The pass on in the photo additionally has a wire flanked by the armatures

to the burden. These guarantee lastingness of the course flanked by the moving partners on the system, in addition to the course

way on the printed circuit board by methods for the burden, which is welded to the PCB.

LCD Display

Fig 11 LCD Display unit

A fluid precious stone showcase is a level board show, electronic visual presentation, or video show that practices the light regulates

property of fluid gems. Fluid precious stones don't make light obviously. LCDs are reachable to show abstract pictures or lasting

pictures which save be shown or covered up, like preset words, digits, and 7-fragment shows as in a computerized clock. They

utilize the comparative essential information, barring that subjective pictures are comprised of an enormous number of little pixels,

while different showcases have better fundamentals.

Construction of LCD

The fluid gems are the natural compound which is in fluid structure and shows the property of optical precious stones. The layer of

fluid gems is saved on the internal surface of glass terminals for the dissipating of light. The fluid gem cell is of two sorts; they are

Transmittive Type and the Reflective Type.

Fig 12 LCD construction

VII. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

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VIII. CONCLUSION

Self-charging Electric bike is adjustment of existing electric bike. It is appropriate for both city and nation streets, that are made of

bond, black-top, or mud. This bike is less expensive, less difficult in development and can be generally utilized for short separation

voyaging particularly by school youngsters, undergrads, office goers, villagers, postmen and so forth. It is particularly reasonable

for youthful, matured people groups. It very well may be worked free of expense. This bike is that it doesn't expend significant non-

renewable energy sources along these lines sparing cores of outside monetary standards. It is eco accommodating, conservative and

contamination free, as it doesn't have any discharges. Additionally it is silent and can be revived with the AC connector in the event

of crisis or overcast climate. It very well may be driven by manual paddling in the event of any issue with the electric driving

framework.

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