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A Brief History of Clifton Hill House
Clifton Hill House was built between 1746 and 1750 as a most imposing semi-rural mansion of
Palladian inspiration for Paul Fisher, a highly successful linen draper, a very wealthy merchant and
ship-owner who participated in the slave trade of the time. However, he was described by his
contemporaries as a benevolent man and a great benefactor for the poor of the community. He was
most prominent in the foundation of the Bristol Infirmary in 1735.
At the height of his wealth, Paul Fisher employed Isaac Ware, the Palladian architect and designer of
national renown and protégé of Lord Burlington. Ware was clerk of works to George II and most of
his works were for private clients. His most famous surviving building is Wrotham Park, the plans of
which appear in Soldi‟s portrait of Ware and his daughter. (A copy of this eighteenth-century painting
now hangs in the Fisher Drawing Room at Clifton Hill House). Fisher chose Clifton for the building of
his mansion, following the growing idea of the time, that the suburbs were preferable to, and more
salubrious than, the bustling city. The design of Clifton Hill House appears
in Isaac Ware‟s book A Complete Body of Architecture of 1756. There are
some remarkable rococo ceiling carvings by the local craftsman Joseph
Thomas, in the reception rooms and the main staircase. (The first stone
cantilevered staircase in Bristol).
In 1851, Clifton Hill House was bought by Dr John Addington Symonds, a
well-known Bristol physician who was famous not only for his medical
proficiency but also for his gift at entertaining the literary and artistic élite of
his time. As his son quoted: “He was open at all pores to culture, to art, to
archaeology, to science, to literature.”
1
The
house was filled with many distinguished and
talented people like Lord Lansdowne, Jowett,
Percival (Clifton College first Headmaster) and
Jenny Lind, the celebrated Victorian singer,
known as the Swedish Nightingale. She sang
several times at the Victoria Rooms, and in 1862 stayed at Clifton Hill
House. She sang in what is now the Symonds Music Room. The pitch of
her exceptional voice was such that it broke one fine crystal glass: “How
very far away, seems the great drawing-room at Clifton Hill House, with
Jenny Lind singing on so high a note that one of the fine Venetian glasses
on my grandfather‟s mantelpiece fell shattered to small atoms!”
2
Others who
stayed at the house were John Masefield, the Poet Laureate, and “Dame
Clara Butt, the Bristol-born contralto, who gave a concert in 1920 to launch a
fund for the equipment of the newly-acquired Manor House.”
3
When Dr Symonds died in 1871, the house passed to his son, John Addington Symonds, the poet,
historian, literary and art critic. In her biography of Symonds, Phyllis Grosskurth wrote that Symonds
is best known for his seven-volume „Renaissance in Italy‟, but “his literary productivity was
impressive: frequent reviews in the leading periodicals, „Studies of Dante‟ and the „Greek Poets‟,
travel books, volumes of poetry and collections of essays.”
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Though his work is little read today, he
was a leading participant in the literary culture of his time, an early enthusiast of Whitman and a
friend of Robert Louis Stevenson, Henry James and Edward Lear.” We know that The Owl and the
Pussy Cat was written for Symonds‟s eldest daughter, Janet.
In 1877 the Symonds family, partly due to John‟s poor health, decided to emigrate to Davos in
Switzerland. They returned briefly to Clifton in 1880 to empty the house, and unfortunately, to burn
or bury many of the family possessions. Margaret Symonds, (Mrs Vaughan) wrote:
“When the papers were done with, my Mother had her way with the busts of all those unlovely emperors and
philosophers such as our grandfathers duly bought on their “grand tours” and stuck up in their halls or
bookshelves to depress both themselves and their children with for ever after. My Mother had a large trench
dug in the garden, and the busts were all wheeled down in wheelbarrows and put in the trench, and then the
earth was shovelled in, and then my Mother got in herself and danced upon the earth. She was indeed an
heroic young lady, for all that happened fifty years ago; and people didn’t destroy their family trophies at that
period, and certainly they did not dance on them.”
5
Dr J. A. Symonds
1807 - 1871